Friday, May 11, 2012

Dale's Cone Experience

6:15 AM | Posted by Edwin Setiadi Raharja | | Edit Post
Cone’s dale experience is a model that incorporates several theories related to instructional design and learning processes. Edgar Dale theorized that learners retain more information by what they “do” as opposed to what is “heard”, “read” or “observed”.  His research led to the development of the Cone of Experience.  Today, this “learning by doing” has become known as “experiential learning” or “action learning”. In Cone’s dale experience, students will be able to do at each level of the Cone (the learning outcomes they will be able to achieve) relative to the type of activity they are doing (reading, hearing, viewing images, etc.). Dale believes that people generally remember 10 % what they read, 20% what they hear, 30% what they see, 50% what they hear and see-video, 70% what they say or write, and 90% what thee say as the they do something. It means that learning will be more successful if the learners experience what they are learned. But it doesn’t means that reading, listening and so on is not important. Just as Gardner describes the Multiple Intelligences and appealing to them all, Dale’s Cone emphasizes learning experiences that appeal to the different senses and the different ways in which we learn.
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Learning Theories

5:51 AM | Posted by Edwin Setiadi Raharja | | Edit Post
Behaviorism is grounded by the observable change of behavior. This theory focuses on how learning process affects the change of behavior. The behavior can change if there are stimulus and respond. The stimulus can be how the teacher treats the students, respond can be the change of students' behavior.

Cognitivism tries to explain how students think. This theory says that people learn because of their ability to interpret the events or incidents that happen around them. It concerns more in the learning process than the result of that learning itself, since this theory says that learning occurs complex thinking process.

In constructivism, how to acquire knowledge is based on the students' activeness. This theory says that learning is a process managed the students to do active processes in order to build new knowledge based on the data. A learning process must be designed and managed as well as possible so that it can make students organized their own experiences to be valuable knowledge.
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